"Dr Sothy's File"

Includes bibliographical references (pages 311-334) and index.

Economic Insecurity and Social Policy -- Part I. Social Policy and Self-Help in Victorian Britain. Poor Relief, Charity, and Self-Help in Crisis Times, 1834-69 -- Social Welfare Policy, Living Standards, and Self-Help, 1861-1908 -- Unemployment and Unemployment Relief -- Old Age Poverty and Pauperism -- Part II. Constructing the Welfare State. Living Standards in Edwardian England and the Liberal Welfare Reforms -- Social Welfare Policy and Living Standards between the Wars -- The Beveridge Report and the Implementation of the Welfare State -- What Was Gained.

How did Britain transform itself from a nation of workhouses to one that became a model for the modern welfare state? The Winding Road to the Welfare State investigates the evolution of living standards and welfare policies in Britain from the 1830s to 1950 and provides insights into how British working-class households coped with economic insecurity. George Boyer examines the retrenchment in Victorian poor relief, the Liberal Welfare Reforms, and the beginnings of the postwar welfare state, and he describes how workers altered spending and saving methods based on changing government policies. From the cutting back of the Poor Law after 1834 to Parliament's abrupt about-face in 1906 with the adoption of the Liberal Welfare Reforms, Boyer offers new explanations for oscillations in Britain's social policies and how these shaped worker well-being. The Poor Law's increasing stinginess led skilled manual workers to adopt self-help strategies, but this was not a feasible option for low-skilled workers, many of whom continued to rely on the Poor Law into old age. In contrast, the Liberal Welfare Reforms were a major watershed, marking the end of seven decades of declining support for the needy. Concluding with the Beveridge Report and Labor's social policies in the late 1940s, Boyer shows how the Liberal Welfare Reforms laid the foundations for a national social safety net. A sweeping look at economic pressures after the Industrial Revolution, The Winding Road to the Welfare State illustrates how British welfare policy waxed and waned over the course of a century.